Importance of the study of oilseeds
The study and development of oilseeds have advanced alongside scientific progress, adapting to the changing needs of society. Academic and research monitoring in the field of oil plants not only provides information about current trends, but also drives connection between researchers, and allows nexus with industry and commerce. All of this facilitates the dissemination of discoveries that could lead to new technologies and applications, turning academia into a valuable asset for the economy and intellectual property.
Oilseed production chain: opportunities and challenges presented by oilseeds
The panorama of oilseeds begins with their cultivation, which corresponds to the first crucial step in their production chain. Then, plant breeding processes are involved, which have been fundamental in increasing the productivity of oils, improving resistance to diseases and adapting plants to different climatic conditions. Research has been able to intervene in these processes, and that is why current studies aimed at oilseeds focus on developing techniques that can improve economic performance for agricultural production and economic profits.
From a nutritional perspective, oilseeds in general have multiple frameworks and micronutrients that are interesting for human health. They are a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals, but mainly bioactive compounds (e.g. Omega 3 and 6, phytosterols, polyphenols, etc.), all of which are nutrients that are easy to obtain. Numerous epidemiological studies correlate that the consumption of vegetable oils favors the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic, musculoskeletal, gynecological, endocrine, metabolic problems, and chronic diseases in general.
The industrialization of vegetable oils has implemented standardized processes, such as the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, which transforms the liquid oil into a solid butter, to increase the stability and durability of the product, in addition to reducing costs. Despite its initial purpose of improving the stability and shelf life of oils, this type of process entails risks, such as the formation of trans fatty acids and saturated fats, associated with increased cholesterol, cardiovascular problems and insulin resistance. These challenges for the food industry are spaces in which the academy seeks to collaborate through research on processing to obtain oil and the development of healthier and more sustainable alternatives.
Sustainability and Added Value Perspectives
Faced with the depletion of fossil resources and growing environmental awareness, oilseeds stand out as a crucial renewable raw material. In addition to the oils, the byproducts of their production, previously considered waste, are objects of study by integrating them into the manufacturing of environmentally friendly products, such as biofuels, organic fertilizers and food supplements. Thus, oilseed meal, rich in proteins and other nutrients, is used as a sustainable alternative in human and animal nutrition, and is also used in agriculture as organic fertilizer. This approach to valorizing by-products reflects a shift towards more sustainable practices and greater efficiency in the use of resources.
Trends in Scientometric Research and Metrics
The analysis of scientometric indicators reveals significant growth in oilseed research in the last decade. Dominant areas of study include agricultural sciences, biochemistry and chemistry, reflecting interest in the agro-industrial, food and chemical applications of these plants.
Geographically, China, the United States and India lead research in oilseeds, reflecting their economic and agricultural importance in these countries. However, a gap is observed in the contribution of countries like Ecuador, despite its relevance in the production of oilseed species such as palm.
This is how academic and research surveillance correspond to essential processes to understand and take advantage of the full potential of oilseeds. These plants not only have food applications, but also represent an invaluable source of renewable and sustainable resources. International collaboration and interdisciplinary research, between academia and industry, are key to addressing future challenges and taking advantage of emerging opportunities in this constantly evolving field.
